In recent decades, many affluent democracies moved from traditional welfare states to workfare systems. Meanwhile, income inequality developed differently across countries, even when they made apparently similar shifts from welfare to workfare. It is a matter of debate why welfare state change had such heterogeneous consequences across countries. This article proposes that different incentives to take ...
Germany’s labour market has weathered the COVID-19 crisis quite well. The unemployment rate increased by less than one percentage point between the last pre-crisis quarter Q4 2019 and its peak in Q3 2020 (from 3.2% to 4.1%); the employment rate fell by less than five percentage points (from 75.7% to 71.1%). Both indicators have since returned to their pre-crisis levels (OECD, forthcoming[1]). The widespread ...
Economic inequality is rising globally and due to developments in information technologies and globalization, nowadays individuals are more exposed to such an inequality than ever. Recent studies show that exposure to inequality may shape economic decisions. In this article, we test whether contributions in the public goods game are sensitive to information about inequality of personal benefits between ...
We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these ...
Tackling climate change and keeping global temperatures from rising by more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is one of the major and most challenging issues that our societies are facing. Households are among the prime contributors to annual greenhouse gas emissions, with twenty percent of emissions being generated by residential energy consumption. Therefore, understanding individual decision-making ...
This study estimates the lifetime effects of lost instructional time in the classroom on labor market performance. For identification, I use historical shifts in the school year schedule in Germany, which substantially shortened the duration of the affected school years with no adjustments in the core curriculum. The lost in-school instruction was mainly compensated for by assigning additional homework. ...
Population ageing poses growing challenges to social security systems, in particular to public pension funds. The study analyses how Working Life Expectancy (WLE) and Healthy Working Life Expectancy (HWLE) in terms of three health indicators developed in Germany. Based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) from 2002 to 2018 (n = 211,141), time trends in labour force rates, mental and physical ...
Objectives. Recent trends such as changes in pension systems or cohort differences in individual resources have altered the face of retirement transitions. Little is known about how these trends affected older people’s life satisfaction around retirement age in the past decades. Here, we investigated how levels and changes in life satisfaction before and after retirement changed with historical time ...
Viele Aspekte der Integration von Zuwanderern unterliegen länder- oder sogar gemeinschaftsspezifischen Maßnahmen. Die Einbürgerung ist eine zentrale Erscheinungsform der rechtlichen Integration, die stark reguliert ist. Die Staatsbürgerschaft als potenzieller Torwächter für die weitere Integration wurde in der Migrationsforschung bisher nicht angemessen berücksichtigt. Der Status und die Herkunft der ...